Biology of Aging Portal

Genes
Name	Description
Arrhythmias, Cardiac	Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. MeSH Definition
Gastroenteritis	Have you ever had the stomach flu? What you probably had was gastroenteritis - not a type of flu at all. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the intestines caused by a virus, bacteria or parasites. Viral gastroenteritis is the second most common illness in the U.S. It spreads through contaminated food or water, and contact with an infected person. The best prevention is frequent hand washing. MedlinePlus health topic
Aneurysm	Protruding sac in the wall of a vein, artery, or heart, frequently caused by microbial infection; may present as pain, pressure on nearby organs, or cardiac weakening. GHR - Glossary
Biliary Tract Diseases	Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. MeSH Definition
Brain Neoplasms	A brain tumor is any intracranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either in the brain itself (neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), lymphatic tissue, blood vessels), in the cranial nerves (myelin-producing Schwann cells), in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland, or spread from cancers primarily located in other organs (metastatic tumors). Primary (true) brain tumors are commonly located in the posterior cranial fossa in children and in the anterior two-thirds of the cerebral hemispheres in adults, although they can affect any part of the brain. In the United States in the year 2005, it was estimated that there were 43,800 new cases of brain tumors (Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Primary Brain Tumors in the United States, Statistical Report, 2005 - 2006),[1] which accounted for 1.4 percent of all cancers, 2.4 percent of all cancer deaths,[2] and 20–25 percent of pediatric cancers.[2][3] Ultimately, it is estimated that there are 13,000 deaths/year as a result of brain tumors.[1] Wikipedia
Heart Defects, Congenital	Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. Wikipedia
Urologic Neoplasms	Tumors or cancer of the URINARY TRACT in either the male or the female. MeSH Definition
Uterine Neoplasms	The term uterine cancer may refer to one of several different types of cancer which occur in the uterus. These include: Wikipedia
Adnexal Diseases	Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT). MeSH Definition
Arthritis, Rheumatoid	A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. Wikipedia
Signs and Symptoms, Digestive	Digestive system manifestations of diseases of the gastrointestinal system or of other organs. MeSH Definition
Prostatic Neoplasms	Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. It occurs when cells of the prostate mutate and begin to multiply out of control. These cells may spread (metastasize) from the prostate to other parts of the body, especially the bones and lymph nodes. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty in urinating, erectile dysfunction and other symptoms. Wikipedia
Anemia	If you have anemia, your blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of your body. The most common cause of anemia is not having enough iron. Your body needs iron to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives the red color to blood. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. MedlinePlus health topic
Hemorrhagic Disorders	Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS). MeSH Definition
Ovarian Diseases	An ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ found in female organisms. It is often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in females are homologous to testes in males. The term gonads refers to the ovaries in females and testes in males. Wikipedia
Cysts	A sac or capsule filled with fluid. GHR - Glossary
Adenoma	A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. GHR - Glossary
Heart Valve Diseases	Your heart has four valves. Normally, these valves open to let blood flow through or out of your heart, and then shut to keep it from flowing backward. But sometimes they don't work properly. What can happen? MedlinePlus health topic
Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue	Neoplasms developing from some structure of the connective and subcutaneous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective or soft tissue. Wikipedia
Cranial Nerve Diseases	Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain in contrast to spinal nerves which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. Although thirteen cranial nerves in humans fit this description, twelve are conventionally recognized. The nerves from the third onward arise from the brain stem. Except for the tenth and the eleventh nerve, they primarily serve the motor and sensory systems of the head and neck region. However, unlike peripheral nerves which are separated to achieve segmental innervation, cranial nerves are divided to serve one or a few specific functions in wider anatomical territories. Wikipedia
Lymphatic Metastasis	Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system. MeSH Definition
Craniocerebral Trauma	Brain-computer interfaces • Traumatic Brain InjuryBrain regions • Clinical neuropsychologyCognitive neuroscience • Human brainNeuroanatomy • NeurophysiologyPhrenology • Common misconceptions Wikipedia
Leukemia, Myeloid	Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. Wikipedia
Jaw Diseases	The jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming, or near the entrance to the mouth. Wikipedia
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections	Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining. This is in contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, which cannot retain the crystal violet stain, instead taking up the counterstain (safranin) and appearing red or pink. Gram-positive organisms are able to retain the crystal violet stain because of the high amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall. Gram-positive cell walls typically lack the outer membrane found in Gram-negative bacteria. Wikipedia
Skin Neoplasms	Skin cancer is a malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes. Skin cancer generally develops in the epidermis (the outermost layer of skin), so a tumor is usually clearly visible. This makes most skin cancers detectable in the early stages. There are three common types of skin cancer, each of which is named after the type of skin cell from which it arises. Cancers caused by UV exposure may be prevented by avoiding exposure to sunlight or other UV sources, and wearing sun-protective clothes. The use of sunscreen had been recommended in the past, but there is an increasing body of evidence that sunscreen is not entirely safe. Wikipedia
Inflammation	A response of redness, swelling, pain, and a feeling of heat in certain areas that is meant to protect tissues affected by injury or disease. GHR - Glossary
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin	Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. Wikipedia
Blood Coagulation Disorders	Coagulopathy is a medical term for a defect in the body's mechanism for blood clotting. Wikipedia
Stomach Diseases	Diseases of the stomach. The stomach is a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. Wikipedia

Arrhythmias, Cardiac

Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. MeSH Definition

Gastroenteritis

Have you ever had the stomach flu? What you probably had was gastroenteritis - not a type of flu at all. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the intestines caused by a virus, bacteria or parasites. Viral gastroenteritis is the second most common illness in the U.S. It spreads through contaminated food or water, and contact with an infected person. The best prevention is frequent hand washing. MedlinePlus health topic

Aneurysm

Protruding sac in the wall of a vein, artery, or heart, frequently caused by microbial infection; may present as pain, pressure on nearby organs, or cardiac weakening. GHR - Glossary

Biliary Tract Diseases

Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. MeSH Definition

Brain Neoplasms

A brain tumor is any intracranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either in the brain itself (neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), lymphatic tissue, blood vessels), in the cranial nerves (myelin-producing Schwann cells), in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland, or spread from cancers primarily located in other organs (metastatic tumors). Primary (true) brain tumors are commonly located in the posterior cranial fossa in children and in the anterior two-thirds of the cerebral hemispheres in adults, although they can affect any part of the brain. In the United States in the year 2005, it was estimated that there were 43,800 new cases of brain tumors (Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Primary Brain Tumors in the United States, Statistical Report, 2005 - 2006),[1] which accounted for 1.4 percent of all cancers, 2.4 percent of all cancer deaths,[2] and 20–25 percent of pediatric cancers.[2][3] Ultimately, it is estimated that there are 13,000 deaths/year as a result of brain tumors.[1] Wikipedia

Heart Defects, Congenital

Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. Wikipedia

Urologic Neoplasms

Tumors or cancer of the URINARY TRACT in either the male or the female. MeSH Definition

Uterine Neoplasms

The term uterine cancer may refer to one of several different types of cancer which occur in the uterus. These include: Wikipedia

Adnexal Diseases

Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT). MeSH Definition

Arthritis, Rheumatoid

A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. Wikipedia

Signs and Symptoms, Digestive

Digestive system manifestations of diseases of the gastrointestinal system or of other organs. MeSH Definition

Prostatic Neoplasms

Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. It occurs when cells of the prostate mutate and begin to multiply out of control. These cells may spread (metastasize) from the prostate to other parts of the body, especially the bones and lymph nodes. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty in urinating, erectile dysfunction and other symptoms. Wikipedia

Anemia

If you have anemia, your blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of your body. The most common cause of anemia is not having enough iron. Your body needs iron to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives the red color to blood. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. MedlinePlus health topic

Hemorrhagic Disorders

Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS). MeSH Definition

Ovarian Diseases

An ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ found in female organisms. It is often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in females are homologous to testes in males. The term gonads refers to the ovaries in females and testes in males. Wikipedia

Cysts

A sac or capsule filled with fluid. GHR - Glossary

Adenoma

A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. GHR - Glossary

Heart Valve Diseases

Your heart has four valves. Normally, these valves open to let blood flow through or out of your heart, and then shut to keep it from flowing backward. But sometimes they don't work properly. What can happen? MedlinePlus health topic

Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue

Neoplasms developing from some structure of the connective and subcutaneous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective or soft tissue. Wikipedia

Cranial Nerve Diseases

Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain in contrast to spinal nerves which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. Although thirteen cranial nerves in humans fit this description, twelve are conventionally recognized. The nerves from the third onward arise from the brain stem. Except for the tenth and the eleventh nerve, they primarily serve the motor and sensory systems of the head and neck region. However, unlike peripheral nerves which are separated to achieve segmental innervation, cranial nerves are divided to serve one or a few specific functions in wider anatomical territories. Wikipedia

Lymphatic Metastasis

Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system. MeSH Definition

Craniocerebral Trauma

Brain-computer interfaces • Traumatic Brain InjuryBrain regions • Clinical neuropsychologyCognitive neuroscience • Human brainNeuroanatomy • NeurophysiologyPhrenology • Common misconceptions Wikipedia

Leukemia, Myeloid

Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. Wikipedia

Jaw Diseases

The jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming, or near the entrance to the mouth. Wikipedia

Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining. This is in contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, which cannot retain the crystal violet stain, instead taking up the counterstain (safranin) and appearing red or pink. Gram-positive organisms are able to retain the crystal violet stain because of the high amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall. Gram-positive cell walls typically lack the outer membrane found in Gram-negative bacteria. Wikipedia

Skin Neoplasms

Skin cancer is a malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes. Skin cancer generally develops in the epidermis (the outermost layer of skin), so a tumor is usually clearly visible. This makes most skin cancers detectable in the early stages. There are three common types of skin cancer, each of which is named after the type of skin cell from which it arises. Cancers caused by UV exposure may be prevented by avoiding exposure to sunlight or other UV sources, and wearing sun-protective clothes. The use of sunscreen had been recommended in the past, but there is an increasing body of evidence that sunscreen is not entirely safe. Wikipedia

Inflammation

A response of redness, swelling, pain, and a feeling of heat in certain areas that is meant to protect tissues affected by injury or disease. GHR - Glossary

Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. Wikipedia

Blood Coagulation Disorders

Coagulopathy is a medical term for a defect in the body's mechanism for blood clotting. Wikipedia

Stomach Diseases

Diseases of the stomach. The stomach is a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. Wikipedia

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